Connectivity and Superconductivity

The motto of connectivity and superconductivity is that the solutions of the GinzburgLandau equations are qualitatively in?uenced by the topology of the boundaries. Special attention is given to the zero set,the set of the positions (usually known as quantum vortices) where the order parameter vanishes. The paradigm of connectivity and superconductivity is the Little Parks e?ect,discussed in most textbooks on superconductivity. This volume is intended to serve as a reference book for graduate students and researchers in physics or mathematics interested in superconductivity, or in the Schr odinger equation as a limiting case of the GinzburgLandau equations. The e?ects considered here usually become important in the regime where the coherence length is of the order of the dimensions of the sample. While in the LittleParks days a lot of ingenuity was required to achieve this regime, present microelectronic techniques have transformed it into a routine. Mo- over,measurement and visualization techniques are developing at a pace which makes it reasonable to expect veri?cation of distributions,and not only of global properties. Activity in the ?eld has grown and diversi?ed substantially in recent years. We have therefore invited experts ranging from experimental and theoretical physicists to pure and applied mathematicians to contribute articles for this book. While the skeleton of the book deals with superconductivity,micron- works and generalizations of the LittleParks situation,there are also articles which deal with applications of the GinzburgLandau formalism to several fundamental topics,such as quantum coherence,cosmology,and questions in materials science.