Preface. .......................................... ................................ xi Acknowledgements . ............................. ................................ xv Biography ....................................... ................................ xix Contents . ........................................ ................................ xxi Part I: Technology and Practice 1Introduction .............................. ................................ 3 2 Instrumentation .......................... ................................ 55 3 Final Control Elements ................... ................................ 123 4 Conventional Control Strategies .......... ................................ 147 5 Process Control Schemes ................. ................................ 207 6 Digital Control Systems ................... ................................ 277 7 Control Technology . ...................... ................................ 377 8 Management of Automation Projects ..... ................................ 463 Part II: Theory and Technique 9 Maths and Control Theory . ............... ................................ 565 10 Plant and Process Dynamics .............. ................................ 699 11 Simulation ................................ ................................ 771 12 Advanced Process Automation ........... ................................ 803 13 Advanced Process Control ................ ................................ 963 Bibliography .................................... ................................ 1047 Abbreviations and Acronyms ................... ................................ 1055 Index . ........................................... ................................ 1065 Foreword The process industries are subject to increasing changes. These include globali- tion, increased earning per share expectation, increasing safety and environmental legislation, staff retirement, shortage of engineers and increasingly rapid evolution of technology. To be successful, process manufacturing companies must respond by: Consistently improving safety and environmental performance Becoming more responsive to customers Reducing manufacturing costs Reducing working capital Improving equipment life There are many approaches to achieving these improvements such as improvement of process equipment and ?owsheets, staff training, work process improvement, organizational restructuring and, in particular, process automation.