This book is concerned with the development of the understanding of the relational structures of information, knowledge, decisionchoice processes of problems and solutions in the theory and practice regarding diversity and unity principles of knowing, science, non-science, and informationknowledge systems through dualistic-polar conditions of variety existence and nonexistence. It is a continuation of the sequence of my epistemic works on the theories on fuzzy rationality, info-statics, info-dynamics, entropy, and their relational connectivity to information, language, knowing, knowledge, cognitive practices relative to variety identificationproblemsolution dualities, variety transformationproblemsolution dualities, and variety certaintyuncertainty principle in all areas of knowing and human actions regarding general social transformations. It is also an economictheoretic approach in understanding the diversity and unity of knowing and science through neuro-decisionchoice actions over the space of problemsolution dualities and polarities. The problemsolution dualities are argued to connect all areas of knowing including science and non-science, social science, and non-social-science into unity with diversities under neuro-decisionchoice actions to support human existence and nonexistence over the space of staticdynamic dualities. The concepts of diversity and unity are defined and explicated to connect to the tactics and strategies of decisionchoice actions over the space of problemsolution dualities. The concepts of problem and solution are defined and explicated not in the space of absoluteness but rather in the space of relativity based on real costbenefit conditions which are shown to be connected to the general parentoffspring infinite process, where every solution generates new problem(s) which then generates a search for new solutions within the space of minimummaximum dualities in the decisionchoice space under the principle of non-satiation over the space of preferencenon-preference dualities with analytical tools drawn from the fuzzy paradigm of thought which connects the conditions of the principle of opposites to the conditions of neuro-decisionchoice actions in the zone of variety identifications and transformations. The Monograph would be useful to all areas of Research, Learning and Teaching at Advanced Stages of Knowing and Knowledge Production.